2012年10月22日星期一

COLOR-ADJUSTMENT TUTORIALS IN PHOTOSHOP

COLOR-ADJUSTMENT TUTORIALS IN PHOTOSHOP

Have you wanted to learn more about color correction? The focus of this tutorial is to help you delve deeper into color correcting to up the production value of your images. Learn a few simple techniques while creating.
I will be using Photoshop CS4 for this tutorial, but all of the features I will use are available in previous versions of Photoshop. Or in any decent photo-editing software.
Primary Color Correction
In this tutorial, our work will be primary color correction. "Primary color correction affects the whole image, utilizing control over intensities of red, green, blue, gamma (mid tones), shadows (blacks) and highlights (whites)."
Overview
Before we begin, you'll want to be sure that you have at least a novice understanding of the following tools in your photo-editing program: Curves, Hue/Saturation, Photo Filter, and Black & White adjustment layer.
Quick Tip
Keep effects on adjustment or separate layers to enable quick alteration or removal at any time during the color correction process.
Monochrome and Sepia
A monochromatic image is one whose range of colors consists of shades of a single color or hue.
Step 1: First, let's make our image grayscale. There are various ways to do this, but we'll look at just two:
I think the best way is to use the Black & White adjustment layer. (This can be found at the bottom of the Layers toolbox.) What is so great about this adjustment layer is the ability to control the luminance of the 6 primary and secondary colors – red, green, blue, cyan, magenta and yellow with the sliders. This is a very useful tool for fine-tuning the the tonal range of your image.
However, the Black & White adjustment layer is only in Photoshop CS3 and newer. So, if you're using an older version, skip to the next step.
Step 2: Apply the Hue & Saturation adjustment layer. Click the Colorize checkbox and this will automatically desaturate and tint your image. However, the Hue is wrong. So set the Hue to 35. Now it's starting to look right.
Step 3: Lastly, perfect color brightness of your image with the sliders in the Black & White adjustment layer. Use the eyedropper tool that comes with the filter to select the part of the image you want to alter and it will hightlight which color is in range. But be careful not to drastically change the colors or you'll be in danger of posterizing the image.
Usually changes solely in the Black & White filter are not enough to correct the image; so apply a Curves adjustment layer on top and get your image looking right. (It's best to do these steps last – after your color adjustments – so that you're seeing and effecting the color-corrected spectrum.)
And, for sepia, you're done.In addition, using other monochromatic color schemes are done the same way. Instead of setting the Hue to 35, move the slider to the color of your choice. You also could up the Saturation a bit to make the colors pop. (For the image below, I set the Hue to 295 and the Saturation to 35.)
Rollover Image
Bleach Bypass
A popular image treatment is the bleach bypass. In actual film-developing, this means skipping the bleaching process. This leaves a silver tint on the photograph, as if the black-and-white and color image had been combined. So that's exactly what we're going to do.
Step 1: Apply the Black & White adjustment layer once again to your image. (Or desaturate with a Hue & Saturation adjustment layer.) Then, the only alteration we need to do is in the blending mode: change it from Normal to Overlay.
Step 2: Apply a Curves adjustment layer on top. A characteristic of most bleach-bypassed images is increased contrast. So add a contrast curve to your image. But be careful. Adjustments should be minor at this stage because the image has a lot of contrast. Make sure you're not overexposing in the highlights or underexposing in the shadows.
Rollover Image
Extra: Often, another characteristic of bleach bypass, along with increased contrast, is graininess. If you like, take this effect a step further by adding some noise: Filter > Noise > Add Noise. Make sure it's monochromatic.
Quick Color Theory
Before we begin working on our next style, we're going to talk quickly about color theory.
Take a look at the color wheels below. You'll notice the three primary colors in our RGB color model: red, green and blue. Then, in between those you'll notice the secondary colors of CMY: cyan, magenta, and yellow. Secondary colors are formed by the sum of two primary colors: cyan is green + blue, magenta is red + blue, and yellow is red + green. Simple enough.
The secondary colors are opposite on the color wheel to the primary colors. Hence:
Red – Cyan
Green – Magenta
Blue – Yellow
Another six tertiary colors are created by mixing primary and secondary colors. But we don't need to get into that in detail right now.
The primary and secondary colors, and their relation to each other, are important for us to know. In the Curves adjustment layer you can effect color in the red, green, and blue channels separately. So, for instance, any adjustments upward of the diagonal line in the red channel increase the red in the image. Lowering, below the diagonal line, increases the cyan. The other channels are the same: Upward in the green channel, green; lower, magenta. Upward in the blue channel, blue; lower yellow.
Blockbuster/Fashion Look
Ok, now that we got that covered, let's begin. This style is used a lot in big summer movies, such as the Transformer films. It's also popular in fashion photography.
First off, take a look at the picture above. In an effort to create this look, determine the color hue and tint of the shadows, midtones, and highlights. Most importantly, the shadows and highlights. You'll notice that the shadows are very bluish and the highlights – mainly the part of the image containing the skin tones – are, well, the color of skin.
This is a complementary color scheme. Meaning the colors used, blue and orange, are opposite each other on the color wheel.
When working with humans in your compositions, you have to take the skin tone into account. You can't have people turning green, magenta, or blue. That would look odd. Skin will always be between orange, orange-yellow (tertiary), and yellow. Therefore to complement the subject, generally use opposite colors: between cyan, blue or blue-violet (tertiary).
Now that we know this, let's stylize our photo.
Step 1: Apply a Curves adjustment layer to your image.
Quick Tip
Nearly every colorist starts color correction with the shadows; then the highlights; and lastly the midtones.
Step 2: In the color dropdown menu, change from RGB – which affects the overall brightness and contrast of the image – to blue. We'll work backwards up the list, starting with blue and ending with RGB.
What we'll want to do is bring the lower end of the curves slider up. This will increase the blue in the shadows. Next, to compensate for our first adjustment, we'll want to decrease the blue in the highlights – taking it towards yellow – so that the skin tones stay closer to being correct.
Step 3: You'll notice that the image has quite a purple tint to it. This is because the green and red channels are at equal intensity. To get a more blue color you can either go to the green channel and raise the shadows, or go to the red and lower the shadows. But there's a difference here and you would do well to note it: If you were to raise the green shadows, the image would get slightly lighter and loses contrast. If you lower the red shadows, the image gets darker and gains contrast. The first is subtracting color and the second is adding.
In most cases, you'll want to go with the option that subtracts, not adds.
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